See what a high band reads like.

P1Whether competition or cooperation deserves the greater encouragement, at work, in school and in daily affairs, is a question on which sensible people disagree. Some prize competition as an invigorating spur; others would have us collaborate far more. In my estimation, although competition has undeniable uses, cooperation merits markedly greater emphasis than it currently enjoys.

P2Champions of competition argue that it draws out our finest efforts. The urge to surpass one's rivals can drive students to greater diligence and employees to sharper productivity, and a great many human achievements, from scientific milestones to athletic records, owe their existence to the will to prevail. Competition, the argument runs, mirrors the world as it is and steels people for the rigours of adult life.

P3There is merit in this, yet unbridled competition exacts a heavy toll. Once victory becomes the only currency, it can breed anxiety, ruthlessness and a temptation to cut corners, and it consigns the majority to the demoralising status of losers. Cooperation, conversely, yields fruits that no lone individual could harvest. In the workplace, the thorniest problems yield only to teams that pool complementary expertise; in the classroom, pupils who learn shoulder to shoulder often grasp material more deeply while cultivating the empathy and communication that rivalry never imparts.